Gum recession is a process in which the gum tissue surrounding the teeth recedes or pulls back, causing a large part of the tooth or its root to become exposed. During gum recession, "pockets" or gaps form between the teeth and the gum line, which makes it easier for bacteria to accumulate. If left untreated, the tissue and bone structures that support the teeth can be seriously damaged and develop into more severe dental problems.

Gum recession is a common dental problem. Many people may not even know they have this problem because it develops gradually. The first sign of gum recession is usually tooth sensitivity, or you might notice that a tooth looks longer than usual.

Why does gum recession occur?

Gum recession is caused by several factors, including:

1.     Periodontal disease: Bacterial infections, such as gingivitis or periodontitis, are the main causes of gum recession. These conditions destroy gum tissue and supporting bone.

2.     Aggressive tooth brushing: Brushing too hard or using a hard-bristled toothbrush can damage gum tissue over time.

3.     Insufficient oral hygiene: Inadequate brushing and flossing allow plaque and tartar to irritate the gums and cause them to recede.

4.     Genetics: Some people are genetically predisposed to having thin gum tissue, which makes them more sensitive to recession.

5.     Teeth grinding (bruxism): Forceful grinding of the teeth puts pressure on the gums, causing them to recede.

6.     Tobacco use: Smoking or chewing tobacco reduces blood circulation in the gums, which accelerates tissue loss.

7.     Misaligned teeth: Uneven teeth create uneven pressure on the gums, which contributes to recession.

How is gum recession treated?

Non-surgical treatment of gum recession

Deep gum cleaning is a procedure used to treat periodontal disease in the early stages. This procedure involves using special instruments to remove plaque, tartar, and bacteria from the tooth root surface. Then, the root surface is smoothed so that the gum tissue can reattach to the surface. This non-surgical treatment helps restore gum health and prevents further worsening of gum recession.

Surgical treatment of gum recession

Although deep cleaning helps restore gum health, it cannot restore lost gum tissue, for which surgical treatment is required.

1. Gum contouring

A periodontist (gum specialist) will use a scalpel or laser to reshape the gum line. This procedure helps improve the aesthetic appearance of the gums and treat gum recession.

2. Gum grafting

The periodontist takes gum tissue from another part of the mouth (usually the roof of the mouth) and stitches it into the areas of recession. Recovery can take about a week; this procedure is effective for gum restoration.

3. Regenerative therapy

This modern approach involves moving back the gum tissue and placing a bone graft or other regenerative material to replace lost bone. Regenerative therapy is usually used as a last resort when periodontal disease has caused significant damage to the gums and bone tissue.

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